phosphate buffered saline pbs  (Thermo Fisher)

Journal: Military Medical Research

Article Title: The cellular response capacity (CRC) as a novel immunomonitoring approach in sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Methodological workflow from sample preparation to measuring the cellular response capacity (CRC). Following blood collection, samples are prepared for flow cytometric analysis either unstimulated (PBS as buffer control) or stimulated with an inflammatory cocktail (cocktail of N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, platelet-activating factor, and tumor necrosis factor). The CRC is calculated as the ratio of median fluorescence intensity (MFI) between stimulated and unstimulated neutrophils. Three approaches, classic, simple, and kinetic CRC, offer distinct advantages and limitations based on technical aspects such as manual processing steps (e.g., centrifugation) and incubation time. n =13–14. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test, comparing patients with sepsis at all time points (shown in the figure: 0 h, not shown in the figure: 24, 72, 120 h) with healthy volunteers (HV). P -values are indicated above the respective data points. Asterisks indicate significant differences between HV and patients at 0 h only. ⁎ P <0.05, ⁎⁎ P <0.01, ⁎⁎⁎ P <0.001. AUC. Area under the curve; AU. Arbitrary units; PBS. Phosphate-buffered saline; E. coli Escherichia coli .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the monovettes were exposed to either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with calcium and magnesium (PBS +/+ , #14080055, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) and the bacterial culture media [buffer control of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) suspension, hereafter referred to as BuC], viable E. coli bacteria (ATCC line 25922, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), or LPS (100 ng/ml, from E. coli O55:B5, #L2637, Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany).

Techniques: Sample Prep, Control, Fluorescence, Centrifugation, Incubation, Saline

Journal: Military Medical Research

Article Title: The cellular response capacity (CRC) as a novel immunomonitoring approach in sepsis

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of different approaches to measure the cellular response capacity (CRC) for CD11b on neutrophil granulocytes. Blood from healthy volunteers was incubated with either PBS (Control) or 100 ng/ml LPS for 60 min in the ex vivo whole blood model. a Analysis of the median fluorescence intensity (MFI). b Evaluation of the CRC as determined by different approaches (classic, simple, and kinetic CRC). c, d Change in fluorescence intensity and change in CRC using the kinetic CRC approach, comparing blood with previous exposure to LPS or PBS (buffer control) from the ex vivo whole blood model. In both c and d , the single-cell values measured by flow cytometry were condensed using a moving median with a window of 9 cells. This moving median was then approximated with a 5 th -degree polynomial function. The plots display these polynomial functions together with the baseline (median before stimulation) and a connecting line from the baseline to the polynomial function for 30 s after stimulation. Values are shown as median and interquartile range. n= 10. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. ⁎⁎⁎ P <0.001. AU. Arbitrary units; LPS. Lipopolysaccharide; PBS. Phosphate-buffered saline.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, the monovettes were exposed to either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with calcium and magnesium (PBS +/+ , #14080055, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) and the bacterial culture media [buffer control of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) suspension, hereafter referred to as BuC], viable E. coli bacteria (ATCC line 25922, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), or LPS (100 ng/ml, from E. coli O55:B5, #L2637, Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany).

Techniques: Comparison, Incubation, Control, Ex Vivo, Fluorescence, Single Cell, Flow Cytometry, MANN-WHITNEY, Saline

Journal: Regenerative Therapy

Article Title: Dental pulp cell–derived conditioned culture media promotes periodontal repair through immunomodulation and bone regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2026.101144

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from conditioned medium (CM). (a) Particle size distribution and concentration of EVs measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Median particle diameter: 143.6 nm; particle concentration: 1.6 × 10 9 particles/mL per 1 mL of unpurified CM prior to EV isolation. (b) Zeta potential of EVs measured in phosphate-buffered saline, showing a negatively charged surface of −36.38 mV. (c) Quantification of CD63-positive EVs using a Tim4–CD63 sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EV concentration is expressed per 1 mL of pre-purified CM. Statistical analysis using Welch's t -test demonstrated a significant difference between CM and EV samples ( n = 3 per group, ∗ p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: For subsequent passaging, the medium was removed and the dishes were rinsed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (Nacalai Tesque).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay, Isolation, Zeta Potential Analyzer, Saline, Sandwich ELISA, Purification

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A dual-functional hydrogel integrating adhesive and lubricating interfaces for mitochondrial protection–Driven cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.051

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adhesive, deformable and antioxidant performance of hydrogels. (A) Storage modulus and loss modulus of Hy, AdHy and AdHy@Pae. (B) Interfacial toughness, (C) Peel strength, and (D) lap shear strength of the three hydrogel. (E) Photographs showing adhesion of hydrogels to different substrates, deformability under various operations and stretchability. (F) In vitro adhesion of Hy, AdHy and AdHy@Pae on joints before and after soaking in PBS and after 500 flexion cycles. UV–vis spectra of different groups for (G) •OH scavenging, (H) ABTS• + radical scavenging, and (I) superoxide anion (O 2 • - ) scavenging. (J) H 2 O 2 scavenging rate.

Article Snippet: The obtained hydrogels were rinsed with PBS (Macklin, P917808) to remove unreacted residues and stored at 4 °C before use.

Techniques: Adhesive, Shear, In Vitro